Subprime Crisis Hits Credit-Worthy Borrowers Too

In an article today in the "Wall Street Journal" about an analysis that was conducted on behalf of the publication of more than $2.5 million in subprime loans made since 2000, indications are that plenty of people with seemingly good credit are also caught in the subprime trap. The analysis shows that as the number of subprime loans mushroomed, an increasing proportion of them went to people with credit scores high enough to often qualify for conventional loans with far better terms.  
 
In 2005, the peak year of the subprime boom, the study says that borrowers with such credit scores got more than half -- 55% -- of all subprime mortgages that were ultimately packaged into securities for sale to investors, as most subprime loans are. The study by First American LoanPerformance, a San Francisco research firm, says the proportion rose even higher by the end of 2006, to 61%. The figure was just 41% in 2000, according to the study. Even a significant number of borrowers with top-notch credit signed up for expensive subprime loans, the firm's analysis found.  
 
The numbers could have dramatic implications for how banks and U.S. regulators address the meltdown in subprime loans. Major banks, mortgage companies and investment firms have been rocked by billions of dollars in losses as shaky subprime loans -- which typically carry much higher, or rising, rates and other potentially onerous costs -- have increasingly gone into default. Many analysts expect hundreds of thousands more loans could go bad over the next several years. The Bush administration and major financial institutions are working on a plan to freeze interest rates of certain subprime loans in hopes of avoiding an even bigger meltdown.  
 
The surprisingly high number of subprime loans among more credit-worthy borrowers shows how far such mortgages have spread into the economy -- including middle-class and wealthy communities where they once were scarce. They also affirm that thousands of borrowers took out loans -- perhaps foolishly -- with little or no documentation, or no down payment, or without the income to qualify for a conventional loan of the size they wanted.  
 
The analysis also raises pointed questions about the practices of major mortgage lenders. Many borrowers whose credit scores might have qualified them for more conventional loans say they were pushed into risky subprime loans. They say lenders or brokers aggressively marketed the loans, offering easier and faster approvals -- and playing down or hiding the onerous price paid over the long haul in higher interest rates or stricter repayment terms.  
 
Sales Pitch  
 
The subprime sales pitch sometimes was fueled with faxes and emails from lenders to brokers touting easier qualification for borrowers and attractive payouts for mortgage brokers who brought in business. One of the biggest weapons: a compensation structure that rewarded brokers for persuading borrowers to take a loan with an interest rate higher than the borrower might have qualified for.  
 
There isn't a hard-and-fast rule on what makes a loan subprime. But generally they are riskier than regular mortgages because lenders are more willing to bend traditional underwriting standards to accommodate borrowers. Besides having a lower credit score, borrowers might wind up with a subprime loan if the mortgage was considered risky for other reasons -- such as borrowing a higher percentage of income or home value than normal, or borrowing without documenting income or assets. The resulting interest rates tend to be substantially higher than for conventional mortgages.  
 
One key factor in determining what kind of loan a borrower gets is his credit score. Credit scores can run from 300 to 850, and many involved in the business view a credit score of 620 as a historic rough dividin